Author name: Noor Saleem

Electrochemistry

Redox Reactions: Oxidation, Reduction, and Everything You Need to Know Why Your Phone Battery, Rusty Iron, and a Cut Apple All Share One Idea Think about three everyday things: a freshly cut apple slowly browning on your kitchen counter, an iron railing turning orange-red after weeks of rain, and a smartphone battery quietly powering your […]

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What is Lorem Ipsum? Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry’s standard dummy text ever since 1966, when designers at Letraset and James Mosley, the librarian at St Bride Printing Library in London, took a 1914 Cicero translation and scrambled it to make dummy text

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Chemical Bonding

1.   A molecule has four electron domains around the central atom: three bond pair and one lone pair. Which description is correct? A. Electron-pair geometry tetrahedral; molecular geometry tetrahedralB. Electron-pair geometry tetrahedral; molecular geometry trigonal pyramidalC. Electron-pair geometry trigonal planar; molecular geometry trigonal pyramidalD. Electron-pair geometry trigonal planar; molecular geometry trigonal planar 2.  Which set of

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Chemistry and Its Branches

Greek Philosophers’ Concept of Matter Greek philosophers believed that everything in the universe is made of a basic substance called an element. Some thought that this element was water, while others believed it was air. They tried to explain the nature of matter using simple ideas, although these were not based on experiments. Corpuscular Theory

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Organic Chemistry

The term organic comes from a Greek word organikos which means “related to organ”. In 1808, the Swedish chemist Jons Jacob Berzelius proposed a theory known as the Vital Force Theory. According to this theory, organic compounds contained a spiritual force, called vital force,  which is present in plants and animals. He believed that they

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Periodic Table

Modern periodic table is the systematic arrangement of elements based on increasing atomic number. The formation of this periodic table is not a matter of months or years. It took centuries to evolve. History of Periodic Table From the beginning of human history till 17th century, humans knew only a dozen of elements like gold,

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Atomic Structure

Atomic structure builds the foundation of chemistry because it explains the composition, behaviour, and interactions of matter at the smallest level. All substances, living or non-living, are made up of atoms—the basic units of matter. Understanding the structure of atom helps explain chemical reactions, bonding, periodic trends, and the properties of elements. The concept of

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